ANALYSING AND EVALUATING MUNICIPAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPENDITURE IN POLAND'S VOIVODSHIPS USING SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION
Jarosław Wenancjusz Przybytniowski,
Łukasz Popławski,
Paweł Dziekański,
Joanna Wyrobek
Abstract: Ecological and spatial development combines the formation of spatial order with the development of environmental assets. The purpose of the article is to present how to use a measure of spatial autocorrelation to determine the degree of polarization of the relationship between environmental spending, municipal management, and environmental activities at the level of provinces in Poland. The study, based on literature analysis, descriptive statistics, synthetic measure, and Moran's I statistic for Statistics Poland data from 2010-2012 and 2020-2022, showed no statistically significant relationship between the studied expenditures and environmental activities, with a slightly increasing trend. Spatial analysis in selected provinces (including opolskim, ma?opolskim, wielkopolskim) indicated a negative spatial autocorrelation, suggesting the formation of clusters of provinces with similar indicator values. The results provide information for local and national authorities about interprovincial variation and the effectiveness of existing policies.
Keywords: Pro-environmental spending, Environment, Province, Dynthetic measure, Dpatial autocorrelation
DOI: 10.24874/IJQR20.02-03
Recieved: 11.06.2025 Accepted: 02.12.2025 UDC:
Reads: 137 
